CURRENT PROBLEMS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE AND RISK-DIRECTED FACTORS IN POULTRY IN CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE PRODUCTION

Abstract

Domestic poultry farming is one of the most profitable branches of animal husbandry, which ensures a quick return on invested funds and a dynamic increase in production. During the use of modern poultry farming technologies, service personnel at the workplace are exposed to the associated and combined effects of a significant number of harmful factors of the production environment, which negatively affect their health. The purpose of the study is to identify risk-oriented factors in poultry farming during the application of intensive technologies for breeding and slaughtering poultry based on the data of a hygienic assessment of working conditions and occupational risks for the health of poultry breeders. Material and methods. Review and generalization of literature data related to the influence of harmful factors of the working area of the poultry farm on the health of poultry breeders. The results. The main risks and dangers that should be considered unfavorable factors of the poultry farm environment are: physical danger (the risk of tripping and falling due to wet or slippery surfaces, manual movement of heavy objects, which leads to injuries of the musculoskeletal system, the danger of contact with moving parts of feeders or egg collection system); chemical hazard (influence of cleaning agents, disinfectants and pesticides used to maintain hygiene and pests control, contact with medicines and vaccines that can pose a risk if not used properly); biological hazard (the impact of high saturation of the working area of the poultry house with dust, feathers and waste products of the birds, which can lead to respiratory problems such as allergic reactions or occupational asthma, contact with poultry biowaste that may contain harmful bacteria such as salmonella or E. coli); transmission of zoonotic diseases (risk of infection from poultry, such as avian influenza or campylobacteriosis, especially when handling or handling sick birds); psychosocial hazards (high stress environment due to tight schedule, heavy workload, lack of social support or communication among employees, leading to isolation or conflict) The study of the influence of harmful factors of the closed environment of poultry farms on the morpho- functional and immunological indicators of workers' health and the risk of their illness remains relevant. Conclusions. Ukraine has not developed a risk-oriented system for the prevention of production-related morbidity of workers in poultry farms. Modern technological processes are aimed at safe breeding of poultry. Processing methods to reduce the contamination of livestock with pathogenic microorganisms, the emission of harmful gases from the litter and, due to this, increase the productivity of poultry, ensure the quality and quantity of produced products. However, the improvement of these methods and the development of more effective and ecologically safe ones remain relevant scientific and practical tasks, which are engaged in by the prevailing majority of researchers.