THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL-CLINICAL STUDY OF THE STATE THE TISSUE INTERFACE OF ENDOOSTEAL IMPLANTS IN AXIAL AND NON-AXIAL FUNCTIONAL LOADING (OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/3041-1394.2024-1.1Keywords:
dental implant, implant-bone tissue interface, axial and non-axial functional loading of implantsAbstract
In modern diagnostic and treatment protocols for dental implantation, attention is focused on taking into account both morphological and functional factors to achieve long-term clinical effectiveness of this treatment technology. The lack of ensuring functionally oriented positioning of dental implants (DI) and prosthetic structures leads to frequent complications in clinical practice with surgical interventions, which are difficult to correct, and the results of applied prosthetics negatively change the functional endurance of the peri-implant tissue environment with early explantation of DI. In this regard, many efforts of specialists are directed to the experimental study of the features of the distribution of the functional load of the DI in the surrounding bone tissue with an attempt to extrapolate the obtained data into clinical practice to optimize the location of the prosthetic structures used in this cases. Studies of the dysfunctional impact of the load in the areas of the inclined planes of the occlusal surfaces have been carried out of prosthetic structures proved the presence of an increase in the concentrated horizontal component of the DI load, as a result of which compressive and tensile deformation forces increase, which cause resorption of the alveolar bone tissue of the jaws. It has been established that an increase in lateral load vectors at the bone-implant interface occurs during implantation immediately after tooth extraction. At the same time, bone tissue repair leads to a loss of the marginal level, and as a result, crowns on DI are made larger than the crowns of existing teeth, which can secondarily involve growth harmful effects of deformation vectors. In connection with the existence today of controversial interpretations regarding the results of the long-term influence of the functional load of the DI on the state of the peri-implant tissue interface, the need for modern experimental morphological, x-ray graphic and histomorphometric analysis of the indicators of the DI interface located in axial and paraaxial positions along the perimeter of contact with the surrounding bone.
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