PECULIARITIES OF PERIODONTAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS COMPLICATED BY CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Abstract

Introduction. Generalized periodontitis (GP) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are considered the two most common chronic diseases that have a significant impact on the general condition of the body and are the cause of the formation of a “mutual burden syndrome”. Firstly, GP is considered one of the risk factors that cause the development and complicate the course of CAD. Chronic infectious inflammatory process in periodontal tissues, accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, leads to the occurrence of systemic inflammation in the body, endothelial dysfunction, and lipid profile disorders, which are the main pathogenetic mechanisms of CAD. At the same time, the negative impact of CAD on the condition of periodontal tissues consists in the deterioration of systemic blood circulation and local microcirculation. Hypoxia, which occurs in periodontal tissues in CAD, leads to persistent morpho-functional changes in the periodontal complex with a decrease in immune resistance and the ability to regenerate tissues. Thus, the presence of a complex relationship between GP and CAD emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and study of clinical features of periodontal status in order to develop adequate treatment scheme for GP in patients with CAD. The aim of study was to clinically assess periodontal status and study the features of the clinical course of GP in patients with CAD. Methods of the study. To assess the periodontal status of patients with CAD, a dental examination was performed on 114 people with GP on the background of CAD, who made up the main group. The comparison group included 35 patients with GP who were not burdened with CAD and other general somatic pathology. The diagnosis of CAD, which was indicated in the medical records of inpatients who were included in the main group, was established on the basis of complaints, anamnesis of the disease, assessment of risk factors and instrumental research methods: electrocardiography, echocardiography and coronary angiography. Diagnostics and degrees of its severity were performed according to the classification of M.F. Danylevsky (1994). Scientific novelty. Scientific data on the state of periodontal tissues in patients with GP on the background of CAD were clarified and supplemented. Conclusions. The obtained results of the examination and index assessment of the state of periodontal tissues demonstrate a severe degree of inflammation and bleeding of the gums in patients with GP on the background of CAD. Analysis of clinical indicators of periodontal status in the studied groups indicates more pronounced pathological changes in periodontal tissues in patients with GP and CAD. In particular, against the background of CAD, patients had higher indicators of periodontal pocket depth, loss of epithelial attachment and recession than in the group of individuals not burdened with cardiac pathology.