DYNAMICS OF RESPIRATORY INFECTION INCIDENCE CONSIDERING AGE GROUPS IN THE KHARKIV REGION IN 2022–2024

Abstract

This article presents the results of an analysis of epidemiological characteristics of influenza, acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), and COVID-19 incidence in the Kharkiv region over the period of 2022–2024. The study focuses on identifying age-specific differences in incidence dynamics, which has allowed the determination of key shifts in the age structure of the epidemic process. Incidence data were analyzed for children, adolescents, and adults, specifically in age groups 0–4 years, 5–14 years, 15–17 years, 18–29 years, 30–64 years, and 65+ years, encompassing all age categories and taking into account their unique characteristics. The results reveal that the incidence structure has undergone signifi- cant changes in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period, notably with a marked increase in incidence among children and adolescents, especially in the 5–14 and 15–17year age groups.In contrast, a decline in incidence rates was observed among the adult population. This trend is likely due to a combination of factors, including mass COVID-19 vaccination, enhanced immune protection in adults as a result of vaccination, and socio-demographic changes caused by large-scale migration due to the military conflict.Virological monitoring has enabled the establishment of the etiological structure of respiratory infections, revealing a gradual decrease in the role of SARS-CoV-2 within the overall incidence structure. This is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of influenza A virus and other respiratory viruses, indicating a shift in dominant pathogens in the circulation of respiratory infections. The data suggest a gradual return of respiratory viruses to the pre-pandemic etiological structure, while the increase in influenza incidence among children requires particular attention.The study’s findings may serve as a foundation for improving epidemiological surveillance and the development of targeted preventive measures that consider age-specific characteristics. Given the new epidemiological realities, the study emphasizes the importance of adapting the healthcare system to evolving conditions to better protect children and high-risk groups, thereby enhancing the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections amid contemporary challenges.