PATIENT-ORIENTED PROTOCOL FOR ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTICS OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/3041-1394.2025-1.6Keywords:
temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, ultrasonographyAbstract
Nowadays, ultrasound (US) is one of the most common methods for diagnosing temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and surrounding tissues due to its well-known advantages. However, this method also has certain drawbacks: the inability to fully examine the bony elements of the TMJ, significant dependence of US images on the topographic and anatomical features of TMJ structures, the reliance of examination quality on the operator’s experience, and the long training required for operators. An important issue in US diagnostics is the unification of the diagnostics protocol, which requires the establishment of US parameters norms for the TMJ and masticatory muscles (MM). Moreover, a review of the literature did not reveal a comprehensive US protocol for the study of TMJ and MM structures that would unify US parameters important for daily clinical practice. Purpose of the study. To develop a patient-oriented USG protocol for examining the TMJ and MM, taking into account gender differences and the clinical significance of US parameters. Materials and Methods. Selected volunteers (53 individuals) were divided into two groups based on gender. In the male group, 54 TMJs were examined, and in the female group – 52 TMJs. An USG sensor (3.0 to 11.5 MHz) was used to examine the TMJ, adjacent areas, and MM. Results of the study. The joint space width was 0,72–1,18 mm in women and 0,89–1,33 mm in men (p<0.05). The range of forward movement of the mandibular condyle was 12,18–16,02 mm regardless of gender. In women, the thickness of the MM at rest was 8,24–10,94 mm and 10,97–14,55 mm during clenching. In men, the thickness was 9,98–12,78 mm at rest and 13,65–17,51 mm during clenching. The percentage of MM thickness increasing during clenching was 21,10–31,12 % for both genders. Conclusions. The presented US protocol for examining the TMJ and MM unifies clinically significant parameters and provides reference values based on gender, making the protocol patient-oriented and facilitating communication between the doctor and the patient.
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